UGC ENGLISH SOLVED PAPER II DECEMBER 2007

Note :This paper contains fifty (50) multiple-choice questions, each question carrying two (2) marks. Attempt all of them.

1.The author of The Provok'd Husband was :

(A) Etherege

(B) Colley Cibber

(C)Wycherley

(D)Vanbrugh

2. Who among the boys in Golding's Lord of the Flies is associated with Christ ?

(A) Piggy

(B) Ralph

(C) Jack

(D) Simon

3. The complete title of Laurance Stern's novel Tristram Shandy is:

(A)The Strange and Surprising Adventures of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman

(B)A True Account of The Life of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman

 

(C)The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman

(D)The Strange and Surprising Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman

4. Feminine ending refers to :

(A) a stressed final syllable in a line of verse

(B) the ending of a poem in a stressed syllable

(C) the ending of a poem in an unstressed syllable

(D) an unstressed final syllable in a line of verse

       Eg: Of old, when Scarron his companions invited

       Each guest brought his dish, and the feast was united,

5. The essay 'The Death of the Author' is written by :

(A) Michel Foucault

(B) Jacques Derrida

(C) Roland Barthes

(D) Alvin Kernan

6. Salman Rushdie's Shame is set in :

(A) East Pakistan

(B) India and Pakistan

(C) Pakistan

(D) None of the above

7.Choose the correct chronological sequence in :

(A) Lucy Hutchinson's Memoirs of the life of Colonel Hutchinson - Milton's Paradise Lost - Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress - Dryden's The Hind and the Panther

(B) Hutchinson's Memoirs - Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress - Dryden's Hind and the Panther- Milton's Paradise Lost

(C) Milton's Paradise Lost - Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress - Dryden's Hind and the Panther- Hutchinson's Memoirs

(D) Dryden's Hind and the Panther - Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress Hutchinson's Memoirs- Milton's Paradise Lost

Lucy Hutchinson's Memoirs of the life of Colonel Hutchinson - around 1670 published in 1863
Milton's Paradise Lost - 1667
Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress - 1678
Dryden's The Hind and the Panther-1687

8.The Little Minister is a novel by :

(A) John Galsworthy

(B)H.G. Wells

(C) James M. Barrie

 

(D)Rudyard Kipling

 

9. Which Augustan writer's epitaph reads : “one who strove with all his might to champion liberty” ?

(A) Alexander Pope

(B) Jonathan Swift

(C) Henry Fielding

(D) Daniel Defoe

10. In which of the following novels incidents relating to the declaration of  Emergency in India in 1975 figure ?

(A) Farrukh Dhondy's Bombay Duck

(B) Vikram Seth's A Suitable Boy

(C) Upamanyu Chatterjee's English August : An Indian Story

(D) Rohinton Mistry's Such Long Journey

11. Identify the matching pair :

(A) Edward II : Zenocrate

(C) The Spanish Tragedy : Horatio

(B) The Jew of Malta : Barabas

(D)Tamburlaine : Gaveston

Protagonists

The Jew of Malta: Barabas, Tamburlaine the Great: Tamburlaine,   The Spanish Tragedy: Hieronimo, Edward II: King Edward II

12. The future ruin of Troy and the murder of Agamemnon are referred to by W.B. Yeats in :

(A) The Second Coming

(B) Circus Animals Desertion

(C) When You Are Old

(D) Leda and Swan

Read the Poem Leda and Swan

13. Inscape refers to :

(A) The indwelling presence of God in nature

(B) The universal character of a natural thing

(C) The individuating character of a natural thing

(D) The moment of release from the material world

14. In which of these plays does Edward Albee use the 'success' myth ?

(A) A Zoo Story

(B) Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf

(C) American Dream

(D) The Death of Bessie Smith

15. “The voice of poetry comes from a region above us, a plane of our being above and beyond our personal intelligence”. Who among the following is the author of the above lines ?

(A) Rabindranath Tagore

(B) A.K. Coomaraswamy

(C) Sri Aurobindo

(D) Sisir Kumar Ghose

16. The number of poems in Sidney's sonnet sequence Astrophil and Stella is :

(A) 99

(B) 47

(C) 112

(D) 108

17. J.M. Coetzee's Foe is a postmodern retelling of :

(A) Ivanhoe 

(B) Evelina 

(C) Robinson Crusoe

(D) The Moonstone

18. Johnson's edition of Shakespeare appeared in :

(A) 1752

(B) 1765

(C)1791

(D) 1760

19.The main character in Gogol's Dead Souls is :

(A) Oblomov

(B) Bazarov

(C) Alyosha

(D) Chichikov

20. After Shakespeare made his debut as a London playwright, he was described as an'upstart crow' by :

(A) Robert Greene

(B) Thomas Lodge

(C) Christopher Marlowe

(D) John Lyly

21. What was the first play of Mrs. Dalloway called ?

(A) Clarissa

(B) Hours

(C)The Big Ben

(D)The Party

22. Which of the following Caribbean novels makes intertextual references to Jane Eyre ?

(A) No Telephone to Heaven

(B) Wide Sargasso Sea

(C) Crick Crack Monkey

(D) Between Two Worlds

23. The term 'metaphysical poets', was first used by :

(A) Ben Jonson

(B) Dr. Johnson

(C) Helen Gardner

(D) Dryden

"A term used to group together certain 17th-century poets, usually DONNE, MARVELL, VAUGHAN and TRAHERNE, though other figures like ABRAHAM COWLEY are sometimes included in the list.
Metaphysical concerns are the common subject of their poetry, which investigates the world by rational discussion of its phenomena rather than by intuition or mysticism. DRYDEN was the first to apply the term to 17th-century poetry when, in 1693, he criticized Donne: 'He affects the Metaphysics... in his amorous verses, where nature only should reign; and perplexes the minds of the fair sex with nice speculations of philosophy, when he should engage their hearts.

24. “Only connect” is the epigraph to a novel by :

(A) George Orwell

(B) Joseph Conrad

(C) D.H. Lawrence

(D) E.M. Forster

Only connect is the epigraph to E.M Forster's novel Howards End.

25. The expression “Thy hand, great Anarch” occurs in a satire by :

(A) Dryden

(B) Pope

(C) Johnson

(D)Swift

Thy hand, great Anarch! lets the curtain fall;
And universal Darkness buries All.
(the concluding couplet of Alexander Pope's The Dunciad)

26.In which of the following novels by Graham Greene does the little girl Brigitta appear ?

(A) The Heart of the Matter

(B) The Power and the Glory

(C) Brighton Rock

(D) The Quiet American

27.The author of 'A Satire Against Reason and Mankind' is :

(A)Rochester

(B)Dryden

(C)Gray

(D) Swift

28.'Anagnorisis' is a term used by Aristotle for describing :

(A) the moment of discovery by the protagonist

(B) the reversal of fortune for the protagonist

(C) the happy resolution of the plot

(D) the convergence of the main plot and the sub plot

29. In which play by Shakespeare do we find widowed queens questioning the assumptions of male politics ?

(A) Henry V

(B) Richard III

(C)Anthony and Cleopatra

(D) Hamlet

30.Which of the following feminist critics used the expression 'Gynocriticism'for the first time ?

(A) Kate Millet

(B) Simone de Beauvoir

(C)Elaine Showalter

(D) Mary Ellmann

31.John Keats's poem 'Ode to a Nightingale' was composed in :

(A)1818

(B)1819

(C)1820

(D) 1821

32.The Female Quixote was written by :

(A)Henry Fielding

(B)Tobias Smollett

(C) Charlotte Lennox

(D) Aphra Behn

33. Which contemporary British poet has translated Beowulf ?

(A) Thom Gunn

(B) Alan Lewis

(C)Edward Thomas

(D) Seamus Heaney

34.'The Praise of Chimney-Sweepers' is :

(A) a poem by William Blake an essay by Charles Lamb

(B) an elegy by William Wordsworth

(C)an essay by Charles Lamb

(D) an essay by William Hazlitt

                       Read the Essay The Praise of Chimney-Sweepers

35.The Loneliness of a Long Distance Runner is a novel by :

(A) Kingsley Amis

(B) Alan Sillitoe

(C) John Braine

(D) John Osborne

 

36.In 'Black Venus' Angela Carter takes elements from the poetry of a famous French poet and places them in a very different paradigm. Who is the French poet ?

(A)Bundelaire

(B)Mallarme

(C)Verlaine

(D)Apollinaire

"Black Venus"(a collection of short stories, appeared in 1985), in which the poet Baudelaire is described from the point of view of his mistress, Jeanne Duval, tackles yet another of the many myths of femininity which Carter debunks with particular pleasure: that of the exotic mistress. Jeanne Duval, a Creole woman, about whose origins not much is known, was the woman with whom Baudelaire had a long, occasionally interrupted, relationship.

37.Strophe, antistrophe and epode form a three-part structure in :

(A) a classic ode

(B) a Greek chorus

(C)a medieval ballad

(D) a Petrarchan sonnet

 

Greek chorus also had the same form

 

38.The words “where are the songs of spring ? Ay, where are they ?” occur in :

(A) Ode to the West Wind

(B) The Seasons

(C) Ode to Autumn

(D) Resolution and Independence

                  Read Ode to Autumn by John Keats

39.“Music that gentler on the spirit lies than tired eyelids upon tired eyes” the above lines occur in Tennyson's :

(A) Tears, Idle Tears

(B) In Memoriam

(C) Maud

(D) The Lotus Eaters

          Read the pome The Lotus Eaters by Alfred Lord Tennyson

40.Which of the following pairs is correctly matched ?

(A) Robert Southey : Lady of the Lake

(B) T.S. Eliot : Lake Isle of Innisfree

(C) A.C. Swinburne : The Lady of Shallott

(D)Thomas De Quincey : Recollections of the Lakes and the Lake Poets

                                              Lady of the Lake- Sir Walter Scott, Lake Isle of Innisfree-W.B. Yeats, The Lady of Shallott-Tennyson,  Recollections of the Lakes and the Lake Poets- Thomas De Quincey
 

41.Which famous English novel opens with a young woman who is 'handsome, clever and rich' ?

(A) Middlemarch

(B) Wuthering Heights

(C) Moll Flanders

(D) Emma

42.It appears that in Paradise Lost Book I “Milton belongs to the Devil's party without  knowing it”. Who among the following made this statement ?

(A) Frank Kermode

(B) William Empson

(C) C.S. Lewis

(D) William Blake

43.Live Like Pigs is :

(A) a humorous poem by Pope

(B) an allegorical narrative by Orwell

(C) a play by Arden

(D) a satirical sketch by Swift

44. 'A woman drew her long black hair out tight And fiddled whisper music on those strings'.From which section of Eliot's The Waste Land are the above lines taken ?

(A) A Game of Chess

(B) What the Thunder Said

(C) Burial of the Dead

(D) Fire Sermon

45. Which is the correct sequence of Achebe's African Trilogy ?

(A) Things Fall Apart - Arrow of God - No Longer At Ease

(B) No Longer At Ease - Arrow of God - Things Fall Apart

(C) Things Fall Apart - No Longer At Ease - Arrow of God

(D) Arrow of God - Things Fall Apart - No Longer At Ease

Things Fall Apart -1958,  No Longer At Ease -1960,  Arrow of God-1964

46. Which are the figures of speech used in the following lines by Blake ?

“Tyger, tyger, burning bright

In the forest of the night,

What immortal hand or eye

Could frame thy fearful symmetry ?”

(A) simile and personification

(B) irony and synecdoche

(C) apostrophe and synecdoche

(D) metonymy and apostrophe

47. In which of the following American novels does 'the Valley of Ashes' occur ?

(A) Huck Finn

(B) The Red Badge of Courage

(C) Invisible Man

(D) The Great Gatsby

48. To whom is Chaucer referring when he says 'He knew the tavern well in every town' ?

(A) Pardoner

(B) Monk

(C) Squire

(D) Friar

49. “Poetry is a criticism of life under the conditions fixed for such a criticism by laws of poetic truth and poetic beauty”. Who, among the following, made the above statement ?

(A) Dr. Johnson

(B) Sidney

(C) Matthew Arnold

(D) Wordsworth

                   The Study of Poetry by Matthew Arnold

50. “She is inspired but diabolically inspired”. Who is this lady ?

(A) Candida

(B) Major Barbara

(C) Saint Joan

(D) Ann

 

UGC ENGLISH SOLVED PAPER JUNE 2008

Note : This paper contains fifty (50) multiple-choice questions, each question carrying two (2) marks. Attempt all of them.



1. Tennyson's poem about women's rights and women's sphere is :

(A) Maud

(B) In Memoriam

(C) Idylls of the King
(D) The Princess

Read the pom Princess by Tennyson

2. 'Hymn To Adversity' is a poem by :

(A) Thomas Gray
(B) Edward Gibbon
(C) Alexander Pope
(D) William Blake

Read Hymn To Adversity
3.The King James Bible was published in :

(A)1609
(B) 1610
(C)1611
(D) 1612


4.'IL Migilor Fabro' is the expression Eliot used for :

(A) W. B. Yeats
(B) Samuel Beckett
(C) W. H. Auden
(D) Ezra Pound

Eliot calls Ezra Pound IL Migilor Fabro which means the finer craftsman in his dedication of The Waste Land because of his brilliance as an editor.

5. 'The Figure a poem Makes' is an essay by :

(A) Henry James
(B) Sylvia Plath
(C) Robert Frost
(D) Wallace Stevens
Read the Essay The Figure a Poem Makes

6. ''Ripeness is all” occurs in :
(A) King Lear
(B) Hamlet
(C) Macbeth
(D) Julius Caeser


7. A. C. Bradley’s Shakespearean Tragedy was published in :

(A) 1903
(B) 1904
(C) 1905
(D) 1906
8. 'Topsy' appears in :

(A) Uncle Tom's Cabin
(B) History of the United States
(C) Walden
(D) Tom Sawyer

Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War", according to Will Kaufman. Stowe, a Connecticut-born teacher at the Hartford Female Academy and an active abolitionist, featured the character of Uncle Tom, a long-suffering black slave around whom the stories of other characters revolve. The sentimental novel depicts the reality of slavery while also asserting that Christian love can overcome something as destructive as enslavement of fellow human beings.

9. A poem that captures the essence of a moment in a simple image is :

(A) Lyric
(B) Ballad
(C) Ode
(D) Haiku


10. Which of the following Shakespearean plays are in the correct chronological sequence ?

(A) The Merchant of Venice - Henry IV Part I - Romeo and Juliet - Richard II
(B) Richard II - Henry IV Part I - Romeo and Juliet - The Merchant of Venice
(C) Henry IV Part I - Romeo and Juliet - The Merchant of Venice - Richard II
(D) Romeo and Juliet -Richard II - Henry IV Part I - The Merchant of Venice

Shakespearean Plays a Timeline


11. The word 'nature' in the eighteenth century literature stands for :

(A) Nature of writing
(B) External nature
(C) Human nature
(D) The Universe


12. Who is given credit for first using the term“romantic?

(A) Friedrich Schlegel
(B) Kant
(C) Coleridge
(D) Schiller


13. Gudrun is a character in a novel by :

(A) James Joyce
(B) Virginia Woolf
(C) D. H. Lawrence
(D) E. M. Forster


14. July's People is a novel by :

(A) Margaret Atwood
(B) V. S. Naipul
(C) Wole Soyinka
(D) Nadine Gordimer


15. Heroic Couplet is a pair of :

(A) Rhyming iambic pentameter lines
(B) Unrhyming iambic pentameter lines
(C) Rhyming iambic hexameter
(D) Unrhyming iambic hexameter


16. 'Gestalt' theory of literature considers text as :

(A) a structure of metaphors
(B) a unified whole
(C) an experimentation in form
(D) construction of history


17. Margaret Laurence is a novelist from :

(A) Australia
(B) The U.S.A.
(C) Canada
(D) Britain
18.Sartor Resartus is a text by :

(A)Ruskin
(B) Arnold
(C) Carlyle
(D) Burke


19. Who of the following is not a university wit ?

(A)Webster
(B) Robert Greene
(C) Kyd
(D) Marlowe


20. Bosola is a character in a play by :

(A)Ben Jonson
(B) Webster
(C) Christopher Marlowe
(D) Thomas Middleton


21. 'Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive, But to be young was very heaven'. This occurs in a poem by :

(A) William Wordsworth
(B) S. T. Coleridge
(C) Byron
(D) Shelley

Read the Poem here: The French Revolution

22. A Dance of the Forest is written by :

(A) Margaret Atwood
(B) Nadine Gordimer
(C) Chinua Achebe
(D) Wole Soyinka


23. The first Canadian poet is :

(A) Charles Sangster
(B) Oliver Goldsmith
(C) Charles Heavysege
(D) Alexander Machlachlan


24. Heroic quatrain is :

(A) a stanza in blank verse
(B) eight line stanza in iambic hexameter
(C) four line stanza in iambic pentameter
(D) six line stanza in iambic pentameter


25. 'Bildungsroman' translated literally means :

(A) Development novel
(B) Psychological novel
(C) Autobiographical novel
(D) Campus novel


26.A book that faithfully renders a young man's confused images of love and rejection is :

(A) A Portrait of the Artist as a Young man
(B) Lucky Jim
(C) Daisy Miller
(D) The brave New World


27. Victorian Age witnessed a clash between :

(A) faith and reason
(B) tradition and modernity
(C) oriental and occidental civilization
(D) romanticism and neo romanticism


28. “For gold in Physique is Cordial/Therefore, he loved gold in special” relates to Chaucer''s

(A) Friar
(B) Monk
(C) Doctor
(D) Pardoner


29. The historical novel began in ;

(A)Restoration Period
(B) Augustan Age
(C) Victorian Period
(D) Romantic Period


30. The term 'Campus novel' is associated with :

(A) Graham Green
(B) Kingsley Amis
(C) Margaret Drabble
 (D) William Golding


31. Which of the following author-book pair is correctly matched ?

(A) Hard Times - George Eliot
(B) Heroes and Hero Worship - Walter Patar
(C) Sourab and Rustom - Matthew Arnold
(D) Ethics of the Dust- Macaulay


32. The title of William Faulkner's The Sound and Fury is derived from a play by :

(A) William Shakespeare
(B) Christopher Marlow
(C) John Webster
(D) Ben Jonson


33. The new humanism school of philosophy and literary criticism was popular in America during :

(A)1920-1940
(B) 1910-1930
(C)1930-1940
(D)1900-1910

New Humanism, critical movement in the United States between 1910 and 1930, based on the literary and social theories of the English poet and critic Matthew Arnold, who sought to recapture the moral quality of past civilizations—the best that has been thought and said—in an age of industrialization, materialism, and relativism.

Reacting against the scientifically oriented philosophies of literary realism and naturalism, New Humanists refused to accept deterministic views of human nature. They argued that: (1) human beings are unique among nature’s creatures; (2) the essence of experience is fundamentally moral and ethical; and (3) the human will, although subject to genetic laws and shaped by the environment, is essentially free. With these points of contention, the New Humanists—Paul Elmer More, Irving Babbitt, Norman Foerster, and Robert Shafer, to name only a few—outlined an entire program and aesthetic to incorporate their beliefs. By the 1930s the New Humanists had come to be regarded as cultural elitists and advocates of social and aesthetic conservatism, and their influence became negligible.

34.Internal rhyme is :

(A) the basic rhythmic structure of a poem
(B) rhyming of two words in alternative lines
(C) rhyming of two or more words in the same line of poetry
(D) all the lines of a poem ending with the same line pattern

35. The macabre element in drama was introduced by :

(A) John Lyly
(B) Marlow
(C)Ben Jonson
(D)John Webster


36. The line “I am no Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be.......” appears in T. S. Eliot's

(A) Gerontion
(B) The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock
(C) Four Quartets
(D) The Waste-Land


37. 'Fancy' deals with :

(A) Fixities and definities
(B) Imagination and Reason
(C) Judgement and Memory
(D) Structure and Superstructure


38. Swift's Modest proposal is written in the form of a :

(A) Project in political economy Social Satire
(B) Political allegory
(C) Social Satire
(D) Old-Testament history


39. The main idea of Pope's The Dunciad was taken from :

(A) Absalom and Achitophel
(B) Mac-Flecknoe
(C) The Medal
(D) An Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot


40. Which of the following is not a Browning's work ?

(A) Dramatic Lyrics Men and Women
(B) Dramatic Personae
(C) Men and Women
(D) The Palace of Art


41. The most obvious feature of Johnson's The Lives of the Poets is the equipoise between :

(A) Language and form
(B) Style and content
(C) Biography and criticism
(D) Myth and archetype


42. “The Kelson of creation is love”. The line occurs in Walt Whitman's :

(A) Paumonak
(B) Passage to India
(C) O Captain, My Captain
(D) Song of Myself

43. With whom was Dr. Johnson intimately associated in his personal life ?

(A) Boswell
(B) Dryden
(C) Alexander Pope
(D) Lord Bolingbroke


44. The early religious drama is associated with :

(A) Superstitions and beliefs
(B) Mysteries and histories
(C) Interludes and mysteries
(D) Miracles and morality


45. The Tale of Two Cities has :

(A) a sentimental buffoon with a moral purpose
(B) a courageous lady in pain
(C) an optimist on verge of collapse
(D) a romantic hero with a weakness


46. Sheridan's first play was :

(A) The Rivals
(B) School for Scandal
(C) St. Patrick's Day
(D) A Trip to Scarborough


47. Anti-sentimental comedy is a criticism of :

(A) loss of moral purpose
(B) excess of emotion
(C) excess of reason
(D) loss of human feelings


48. Which of the following novel-novelist pair is correctly matched ?

(A) Bhabani Bhattacharya - All About H. Hatter
(B) Nayantara Sahgal - Cry, the Peacock
(C) Bhagwandas Gidwani - A Bend in the Ganges
(D) Arun Joshi - The Apprentice


49. The Indian English poet who addressed the question ‘of time’ in his poetry is :

(A) Nissim Ezeikel
(B) R. Parthsarathy
(C) A.K. Ramanujan
(D) Gieve Patel


50. Symbolist movement was influenced by :

(A) Poetic theory of Edgar Allan Poe
(B) Stephane Mallarme's Poetry
(C) Prose of Emerson
(D) Ezra Pound's Cantos





 

UGC SOLVED PAPER II December 2008

Note : This paper contains fifty (50) multiple-choice questions, each question carrying two (2) marks. Attempt all of them.

1. The Victorian period refers to the reign of Queen Victoria of England during :

(A) 1830 - 1890

(B) 1837 - 1905

(C) 1837 - 1901
(D) 1850 – 1910


2. The Rambler appeared every :

(A) Tuesday and Saturday
(B) Sunday and Wednesday
(C) Friday and Monday
(D) Thursday and Monday

3. “Tottel's Miscellany” contained :

(A) 30 sonnets
(C) 50 sonnets
(B) 40 sonnets
(D) 60 sonnets


4.’Imagism' is associated with :

(A) T. S. Fliot
(C) E. E. Cummings
(B) D. H. Lawrence
(D) T. E. Hulme


5. The title Things Fall Apart is drawn from a poem by :

(A) W. B. Yeats
(B) Ted Hughes
(C) W. H. Auden
(D) Robert Lowell

 'Things Fall Apart' is one of the most widely read African novels ever published. It is written by one of Nigeria's leading novelists Chinua Achebe, published in 1958.


6. 'Formal Criticism' relates to the structure of :

(A) Literary devices
(B) Myths
(C) Content
(D) Form

7. A 'Foot' in prosody is a basic unit of :

(A) rhyme
(B) length
(C) rhythmic measurement
(D) height


8. Who of the following is known for aphoristic prose style ?

(A) William Hazlitt
(B) Francis Bacon
(C) John Ruskin
(D) G. K. Chesterton

9. The confessions of an English Opium Eater was written by :

(A) William Hazlitt
(B) S. T. Coleridge
(C) Landor
(D) De Quincey


10. Ireland emerges as the most important metaphor in :

(A) Seamus Heaney
(B) Elizabeth Jennigs
(C) Arnold Wesker
(D) Edward Albee

11. Which of the following Shakespearean plays is in the correct chronological order ?

(A) King Lear, Hamlet, Much Ado..., Troilus and Cressida
(B) Much Ado..., Hamlet, King Lear, Troilus and Cressida
(C) Troilus and Cressida, King Lear, Hamlet, Much Ado...
(D) Hamlet, Much Ado..., King Lear, Troilus and Cressida

Much Ado about Nothing - 1600
Hamlet -                             1603
King Lear -                        1608
Troilus and Cressida -        1609


12. The major contribution of the Restoration period is in the field of :

(A) Philosophical writings
(B) Poetry
(C) Drama
(D) Letters


13. The correct chronological order of the following poets is :

(A) Byron, Shelley, Keats, Walter Scott
(B) Shelley, Walter Scott, Keats, Byron
(C) Keats, Byron, Walter Scott, Shelley
(D) Walter Scott, Byron, Shelley, Keats

Walter Scott - 1771-1832,
Byron -           1788-1824,
Shelley -          1792-1822,
Keats -            1795-1821.

14. Where Angels Fear to Tread is a novel by :

(A) Virginia Woolf
(B) E. M. Forster
(C) D. H. Lawrence
(D) James Joyce


15. The plays of Edward Albee deal with :

(A) problems of middle-class
(B) hypocracy of aristocracy
(C) mechanizations of politics
(D) simplicity of lower-class


16. Heptameter consists of :

(A) five metrical feet
(B) six metrical feet
(C) seven metrical feet
(D) eight metrical feet


17. In formalistic school of criticism art is :

(A) entertainment
(B) preaching
(C) matter
(D) style


18. The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner is a novel by :

(A) Alan Sillitoe
(B) Paul Scott
(C) Peter Porter
(D) Muriel Spark


19. 'Rugby Chapel' is a poem by Matthew Arnold in the memory of his :

(A) mother
(B) brother
(C) father
(D) sister


20. The earliest woman novelist of significance in the 18th century is :

(A)Mary Edgeworth
(B) Aphra Behn
(C) Mary Russell
(D) Mrs Gaskell


21. 'Cut is the branch that might have grown full straight' is a line that occurs in :

(A) Dr Faustus
(B) Hamlet
(C) Macbeth
(D) The Spanish Tragedy


22. Pope's 'Essay on Man' can best be read as a poem of :

(A) classical understanding of nature
(B) anti-romantic view of life
(C) sociological estimate of man
(D) philosophical apprehension of life

23. The term 'Victorian' evokes the attitudes of :

(A) philistinism
(B) moral earnestness
(C) licentiousness
(D) transcendentalism

24. Larry slate is a character in :

(A) Desire Under the Elms
(B) The Emperor Jones
(C) The Iceman Cometh
(D) Hairy Ape
The Iceman Cometh is a play by Eugene O'Neill

25. 'Iambus' is a metrical foot consisting of :

(A) two syllables
(B) three syllables
(C) four syllables
(D) one syllable

26. The lines ''Not that he wished is greatness to create / For politicians neither love nor hate,'' occur in :

(A) The Rape of the Lock
(B) Abslam and Achitophel
(C) Mac Flecknoe
(D) Essay on man


27. 11,396 definitions of romanticism were given by :

(A) Friedrich Schlegel
(B) Victor Hugo
(C) Edger Allan Poe
(D) F. L. Lucas


28. The term 'a stream of consciousness' is derived from the writing of :

(A) Mary Sinclair
(B) Dorothy Richardson
(C) William James
(D) Gertrude Stein

29. Sean O' Casey's Juno and the Paycock is :

(A) a romantic comedy
(B) a historical tragedy
(C) a mythical reconstruction
(D) a tragi-comedy

30. The 'Reader-Response Theory' implies that :

(A) there is no one correct meaning of the text
(B) the readers of an age construct the meaning
(C) beliefs determine meaning
(D) a style is the hallmark of the text


31. Which of the following author-book pair is correctly matched ?

(A) Walter Pater - Unto This Last
(B) Browning - The Ring and the Book
(C) M. Arnold - Idylls of the King
(D) Thackray - Bleak House


32. 'Myth Criticism' focuses on :

(A) a study of myths and mythology
(B) archetypes of spiritual experience
(C) recurrence of archetypal patterns
(D) the confluence of different traditions


33. The phrase disassociation of sensibility was first used by :

(A) Philip Sydney
(B) T. S. Eliot
(C) John Dryden
(D) Mathew Arnold


34. An Idyll is usually a poem about a :

(A) picturesque city life
(B) panoramic view of nature
(C) picture of industrial society
(D) picturesque country life


35. 'The Lost Generation' refers to the generation that came to maturity in the :

(A) 1920s
(B) 1930s
(C) 1910s
(D) 1940s

36. The French Revolution had a significant impact on :

(A) Victorian Literature
(B) Romantic Literature
(C) Neo-classic Literature
(D) Modern Literature


37. In which poem does the following line appear ? ''Our birth is but a sleep and aforgetting.'' :

(A) “Michael”
(B) “Immortality Ode”
(C) “Rejection : An Ode”
(D) “Tintern Abbey”

Read the Poem Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood

38. Tale of a Tub is about :

(A) Warring political factions
(B) Struggling lower-class people
(C) Controversial philosophical documents
(D)Contemning religious parties

39. Congreve's The way of the world ends with :

(A) a dance party
(B) punishment of Lady Wishfort
(C) sending of Mr Fainall to prison
(D)reconciliation of Petulant Whitwood

40. On seeing whom does Miranda exclaim, “O, father, surely that is a spirit. Lord! How  it looks about ?”

(A) Caliban
(B) Ferdinand
(C) Alonso
(D) Stephano


41. Secular influences on the early English drama were :

(A) political squabbles, religious sermons and social customs
(B) rural politicking, hypocracy of the elite and falsity of aristocracy
(C) village festivals, folk plays and minstrels
(D) middle-class life, moral beliefs and uprising of the subaltans

42. John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress was written while he was :

(A) in prison
(B) on a pilgrimage
(C) on a social mission
(D) in a church

Bunyan wrote The Pilgrim's Progress while he was in Bedford Jail.
43. In Juvenalian satire the speaker is :

(A) a political orator
(B) a propagandist
(C) a social revolutionary
(D) a serious moralist

The speaker who is a serious moralist uses a dignified and public style of utterance to decry modes of vice and error.

44. Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice most clearly shows the influence of :

(A) Fielding Smollett
(B) Richardson
(C) Smollett
(D) Sterne


45.The most important of the ‘evolutionists’ during the Victorian period was :

(A) Erasmus Darwin
(B) Robert Chambers
(C) Charles Darwin
(D) Alfred Russell Wallace

46. A philosophical attitude pervading much of modern literature is :

(A) Absurdism
(B) Dadaism
(C) Imagism
(D) Surrealism


47. The term 'magic realism' was first introduced by :

(A) Hannah Arendt
(B) Franz Roh
(C) Jean Arp
(D) Peter Behrens


48. The Indian English novelist who, for the first time, addressed the question of language and indigenous experience was :

(A) Mulk Raj Anand
(B) R K Narayan
(C) Arun Joshi
(D) Raja Rao


49. G. V. Desani's All About H. Hatterr is written in the :

(A) stream-of- consciousness mode
(B) first person narrative mode
(C) picaresque mode
(D) naturalistic mode


50. The rhyme scheme of the Shakespearean sonnet is :

(A) abab, cdcd, efef, gg
(B) abba, cddc, effe, gg
(C) abab, cdcd, efef, gh
(D) aabb, ccdd, eeff, gg

Read a sonnet by Shakespeare



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UGC NET ENGLISH PAPER II SOLVED 2009 JUNE

Note :This paper contains fifty (50) multiple-choice questions, each question carrying two (2) marks. Attempt all the questions.


1.In a 1817 review of Coleridge's Biographia Literaria, Francis Jeffrey coined the term 'Lake School of Poets' grouping...

(A) Wordsworth, Coleridge and Crabbe

(B) Wordsworth, Coleridge and Byron

(C) Wordsworth, Coleridge and Hazlitt
(D) Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey

The Lake Poets are a group of English poets who all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century. They are considered part of the Romantic Movement. The three main figures of what has become known as the Lakes School are William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey.

2.'I am the enemy you killed, my friend/I knew you in this dark...' The above lines are taken from...

(A) “The Soldier”
(B) “Dulce et Decorum Est”
(C) “To His Dead Body”
(D) “Strange Meeting”

Read the poem Strange Meeting by Wilfred Oven.


3. Below are two sets of texts one of which has inspired the other. Match the text with its inspiration :

(i) Coral Island                                   (ii) The Odyssey
(iii) The Mahabharat                           (iv) Jane Eyre
(v) The Great Indian Novel                 (vi) Wide Sargasso Sea
(vii) Omeroos                                     (viii) Lord of the Flies

(A) (i) - (v), (ii) - (vii), (iii) - (viii), (iv) - (vi)
(B) (iv) - (vii), (iii) – (vi), (i) - (viii), (ii) - (v)
(C) (iii) - (v), (iv) - (vi), (i) - (vii), (ii) - (viii)
(D) (i) - (viii), (ii) - (vii), (iii) - (v), (iv) - (vi)

Jean Rhys' late, literary masterpiece "Wide Sargasso Sea" was inspired by Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre, and is set in the lush, beguiling landscape of Jamaica in the 1830s. Born into an oppressive, colonialist society, Creole heiress Antoinette Cosway meets a young Englishman who is drawn to her innocent sensuality and beauty. After their marriage the rumours begin, poisoning her husband against her. Caught between his demands and her own precarious sense of belonging, Antoinette is driven towards madness.

An enduringly popular classic of children’s fiction, The Coral Island tells the story of three boys stranded on a seemingly idyllic desert island. Thoughtful Ralph, clever, brave Jack and mischievous Peterkin soon find, however, that their new home has more than a few surprises in store! Wayne Forester’s energetic reading brings this classic adventure vividly to life. The Coral Island inspired a whole genre of adventure literature, influencing Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island and William Golding’s Lord of the Flies.

The Great Indian Novel, as author Dr. Shashi Tharoor has mentioned, takes its title not from the author's estimate of its contents but in deference to its primary source of inspiration, the ancient epic the Mahabharata. In Sanskrit, Maha means great and Bharata means India.

Omeros is a 1990 epic poem by Nobel Prize-winning author Derek Walcott The epic is set on the Caribbean island of St. Lucia. Although its name is Omeros (Homer in Greek) it has just a minor touch of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. The narrative of Omeros is multilayered. Walcott focuses on no single character; rather, many critics have taken the "hero" of Omeros to be the island of St. Lucia itself. The narrative draws heavily on the legacy of the Homeric epics; Book One even opens with an invocation of the Greek poet, who is likened to the blind character, Seven Seas. However, while many characters within the epic derive their appellations from Homeric characters, this is the only absolute correlation; the themes are Homeric in inspiration, but the story does not imitatively follow the plot of either the Iliad or the Odyssey.

4. “His life was gentle and the elements
So mixed in him, that Nature might stand up
And say to all the world, 'This was a man !'”
Who is the speaker, and about whom is this spoken ?

(A) Enobarbus on Antony
(B) Brutus on Caesar
(C) Cleopatra on Antony
(D) Marc Antony on Brutus

Julius Caesar Act V. Scene V


Marc ANTONY


This was the noblest Roman of them all:

All the conspirators save only he

Did that they did in envy of great Caesar;

He only, in a general honest thought

And common good to all, made one of them.

His life was gentle, and the elements

So mix'd in him that Nature might stand up

And say to all the world 'This was a man!'


5. “When my love swears that she is made of truth/I do believe her, though I know she lies”. The author of these lines is...

(A) Philip Sidney
(B) Edmund Spenser
(C) Christopher Marlowe
(D) William Shakespeare

Read Sonnet 138 by Shakespeare

6. The poetry of Wordsworth and Coleridge was notably influenced by...

(A) The Napoleonic Wars
(B) The Glorious Revolution
(C) The French Revolution
(D) Poor Laws

7. “Great wits are sure to madness near allied And thin partitions do their bounds divide”. The above lines appear in...

(A) Mac Flecknoe
(B) Absalom and Achitophel
(C) Essay on man
(D) Alexander’s Feast

8. Who among the following developed the term strategic essentialism ?

(A) Edward Said
(B) Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
(C) Homi Bhabha
(D) Aijaz Ahmed

Strategic essentialism, a major concept in postcolonial theory was introduced by the Indian literary critic and theorist Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. It refers to a strategy that nationalities, ethnic groups or minority groups can use to present themselves. While strong differences may exist between members of these groups, and amongst themselves they engage in continuous debates, it is sometimes advantageous for them to temporarily 'essentialize' themselves and bring forward their group identity in a simplified way to achieve certain goals.

9. David Malouf's An Imaginary Life is a retelling of the story of :

(A) Aristotle
(B) Juvenal
(C) Ovid
(D) Horace

10. Jabberwocky is a character in....

(A) The Importance of Being Earnest
(B) Fra Lippo Lippi
(C) Through the Looking Glass
(D) Goblin Market



11. Which of the following statements is the most accurate regarding Edward Said's thesis in Orientalism ?

(i) The Europeans used the East dialectically to describe their self-image as irrational and primitive.
(ii) The Oriental people used the West dialectically to define their self-image as irrational and primitive.
(iii) The Europeans used the East oppositionally to define their self-image as rational and modern.
(iv) The Oriental people used the West oppositionally to define their self-image as rational and modern.

(A) (iii)
(B) (iv)
(C) (i) and (iv)
(D) (ii) and (iii)

12.Assertion (AST) : Literary and historical periodization often has nothing to do with the lifetime of writers. Thus we see two writers born in the same year belonging to two separate periods.

Reasoning/ (R) : Thomas Carlyle and John Keats were born in 1795. In standard literary histories, Example: Keats is a Romantic and Carlyle, a Victorian.

(A) (AST) and (R) are correct
(B) (AST) is correct; (R) is incorrect
(C) (AST) and (R) are incorrect
(D) (R) does not follow from (AST)

13. Everyman is...

(A) a medieval play based on an episode from the Bible
(B) a medieval morality play
(C) a Tudor interlude
(D) a miracle play

14. Which of the following sets would you call the poets of the Movement ?

(A) Elizabeth Jennings, Philip Larkin, John Wain
(B) W.H. Auden, Cecil Day Lewis, Stephen Spender
(C) T.S. Eliot, Richard Aldington, Ezra Pound
(D) Alan Brownjohn, C.H. Sisson, Anthony Thwaite

15.Doris Lessing’s interest in __________ is widely recognized :

(A) Hinduism
(B) Sufism
(C)Zen
(D)Judaism

16. Periphrasis, which is a roundabout way of speech/writing, is also known as...

(A) synecdoche
(B) allusion
(C) understatement
(D) circumlocution

17. Arrange the following in chronological order...

(I) The death of Shakespeare
(ii) Accession of James I to the English throne
(iii) Caxton and the printing press
(iv) The Norman Conquest of England

(A) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(B) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
(C) (iii) (iv) (I) (ii)
(D) (iv) (iii) (I) (ii)

Norman conquest 1066
Caxton and the printing press 1476
Accession of James I to the English throne 1603
The death of Shakespeare 1616

18. The Muse of History is a classic postcolonial essay by :

(A) Ngugi wa Thiongo
(B) Chinua Achebe
(C) Wilson Harris
(D) Derek Walcott

19. “Do I contradict myself ? Very well then, I contradict myself, (I am large, I contain multitudes.)” The above lines are from...

(A) Walt Whitman
(B) Edgar Allan Poe
(C) Ralph Waldo Emerson
(D) John Greenleaf Whittier

Read Song of Myself by Walt Whitman.
20. Verses on the Death of Dr Swift was written by...

(A) Jonathan Swift
(B) Alexander Pope
(C) Samuel Johnson
(D) James Boswell

21. Match the following elegies with the persons for whom they were written:

(i) Lycidas                        (ii)Arthur Hugh Clough
(iii)Adonais                       (iv) A.H. Hallam
(v) In Memoriam              (vi) Edward King
(vii) Thyrsis                      (viii) Keats

(A) (i) - (vi); (iii) - (iv); (vii) - (ii); (v) - (vi)
(B) (iii) - (viii); (i) - (iv); (iii) - (ii);(v) - (ii)
(C) (i) - (vi); (iii) - (viii); (v) - (iv); (vii) - (ii)
(D) (v) - (vi); (i) - (viii); (iii) - (ii); (vii) – (iv)

"Lycidas" is a poem by John Milton, written in 1637 as a pastoral elegy, dedicated to the memory of Edward King, a college mate of Milton's at Cambridge who drowned when his ship sank in the Irish Sea off the coast of Wales in August 1637.

“Adonaïs”: A pastoral elegy on the Death of John Keats written by Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1821, and widely regarded as one of Shelley's best and most well-known works

“In Memoriam” is a poem by the English poet Alfred Lord Tennyson, completed in 1849. It is a requiem for the poet's Cambridge friend Arthur Henry Hallam, who died suddenly of a cerebral haemorrhage in Vienna in 1833.

Thyrsis is the title of a poem written by Matthew Arnold in December 1865 to commemorate his friend, the poet Arthur Hugh Clough, who had died in November 1861 aged only 42.

22. Playing in the Dark by Toni Morrison is a series of reflections on:

(A) Jazz music
(B) Disability sports
(C) Whiteness and the literary imagination
(D) Black American folklore

23. “He's not the brightest man in the world” is an example of:

(A) Chiasmus
(B) Hyperbole
(C) Litotes
(D) Simile

24. The term 'horizon of expectations' is associated with...

(A) Wolfgang Iser
(B) Stanley Fish
(C) Harold Bloom
(D) H.R. Jauss

25. The following writers have something in common : What is it ?

Mary Seacole                     J.A. Froude
Mary Kingsley                   Anthony Trollope

(I) They are all victorians
(ii) They are all writers of children's fiction
(iii) They are all members of one literary guild
(iv) They are all travel writers

(A) (i) and (ii)
(B) (iii) and (iv)
(C) ii) and (iv)
D) (i) and (iv)

26. The immediate source of Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faustus is...

(A) A French narrative
(B) A Dutch narrative
(C) A German narrative
(D) None of the above

Faustus is a timeless myth pointing directly at the universal truth inherent to our misguided and blasphemous penchant for an ultimate sort of knowledge and power. The idea of an individual selling his or her soul to the devil for knowledge is an old motif in Christian folklore, one that had become attached to the historical persona of Johannes Faustus, a disreputable astrologer who lived in Germany sometime in the early 1500s. The immediate source of Marlowe's play seems to be the anonymous German work Historia von D. Iohan Fausten of 1587, which was translated into English in 1592, and from which Marlowe lifted the bulk of the plot for his drama.

27. Who among the following were associated with the Irish Dramatic Movement ?

(A) Lady Gregory, W.B. Yeats, J.M. Synge
(B) Jonathan Swift, R.B. Sheridan, G.B. Shaw
(C) W.B. Yeats, J.M. Synge, G.B. Shaw
(D) W.B. Yeats, Patrick J. Kavanagh, Seamus Heaney

28. The term diaspora was originally applied to the following ethnic group :

(A) Jews
(B) Muslims
(C) Hindus
(D) French Canadians

29. Who among the following is NOT a 'University Wit' ?

(A) Christopher Marlowe
(B) George Peele
(C) Robert Greene
(D) Ben Jonson

30. When a person has a wooden leg, we are apt to say, 'He has a wooden leg'. Now this wooden leg is...

(i) literal
(ii) metaphorical
(iii) ambiguous
(iv) neither literal nor metaphorical
(A) (i) and (ii) are correct
(B) (i) is correct
(C) (ii) is correct
(D) (iii) and (iv) are correct

Phrase: Wooden leg- It comes from the time of the old sailors and pirates where an infamous one had a wooden leg and could drink his rum like no other. Hence the term, wooden leg, is still used for someone who drinks a lot.

31. Prosody studies:

(A) Line endings
(B) Meanings of words
(C) Patterns of prose
(D) Metrics

Prosody is the study of poetic metre and of the art of versification, including rhyme, stanzaic forms, and the quantity and stress of syllables.

32. Which of the following is a major Jacobean play?
(A) Everyman
(B) Gorboduc
(C) Romeo and Juliet
(D) The Duchess of Malfi

33. Understanding Poetry used to be a classic textbook that encapsulates the principles of ...

(A) New Historicism
(B) New Aristotelianism
(C) New Criticism
(D) The New Left

Understanding Poetry by Cleanth Brooks and Robert \Pennwarren

34. What century is variously called The Age of Enlightenment, The Age of Sensibility, The Augustan Age and The Age of Prose and Reason?

(A) sixteenth century
(B) seventeenth century
(C) eighteenth century
(D) nineteenth century

35. What is common to the following poems ?

Wordsworth's 'The Recluse'
Shelley's 'The Triumph of Life'
Byron's 'Don Juan'
Keats' 'Hyperion'

(A) They are all elegies
(B) They are all unfinished poems
(C) They are all divided into cantos
(D) They are women-centred poems

36. Who among the following called the novel ‘the bright book of life’ ?

(A) D.H. Lawrence
(B) James Joyce
(C) Virginia Woolf
(D) Aldous Huxley

37. “Ripeness is all'' is a line from...

(A) Hamlet
(B) King Lear
(C) Othello
(D) Macbeth

38. U.R. Ananthamurthy's Samskara was translated by...

(A) Himself
(B) Girish Karnad
(C) H.S. Shivaprakash
(D) A.K. Ramanujan

39. Abel Whittle is a character in:

(A) The Return of the Native
(B) The Mayor of Casterbridge
(C) Far from the Madding Crowd
(D) Tess of the D'Urbervilles

40. In which eclogue of The Shepheardes Calender does Spenser praise Queen Elizabeth I ?

(A)January
(B) April
(C) August
(D)November

41. Which of the following is NOT the opening of the well-known Romantic poem?

(A) My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains/ My sense
(B) Hail to thee, blithe spirit!
(C) Margaret, are you grieving/Over Golden grove unleaving?
(D) The world is too much with us

Read the Poem by Hopkins..


42.Politics and the English Language is an essay by :

(A) F.R. Leavis
(B) Terry Eagleton
(C) George Orwell
(D) Raymond Williams

43. 'The mind-forged manacles' is phrase from :

(A) ''London''
(B) ''Eternity''
(C) “A Poison Tree”
(D) “I Asked a Thief”

Read the poem "London" by William Blake.

44. “He is not fully recognized at home; he is not recognized at all abroad. Yet I firmly believe that the poetical performance of __________ is, after that of Shakespeare and Milton, undoubtedly most considerable in our language.” To whom does Matthew Arnold refer in the above statement ?

(A) Edmund Spenser
(B) John Keats
(C) William Wordsworth
(D) S.T. Coleridge

45. The Globe Theatre opened in :

(A) 1585
(B) 1593
(C) 1599
(D) 1603


Read the following passage carefully, and select the right answers from the alternatives given below in the questions 46 to 50 :

      We need to begin by casting doubt on the legitimacy of the notion of literature. The mere fact that the word exists, or that an academic institution has been built around it, does not mean that the thing itself is self-evident.

       Reasons perfectly empirical ones, to begin with are not hard to find. The full history of the word literature and its equivalents in all languages and all eras has yet to be written, but even a perfunctory look at the question makes it clear that the term has not been around forever. In the European languages, the word literature in its current sense is quite recent: it dates back just barely to the nineteenth century. Might we be dealing with a historical phenomenon rather than an 'eternal' one? Moreover, many languages (many African languages, for example) have no generic term covering all literary productions. To these initial observations we may add the fragmentation characteristic of literature today. Who dares specify what literature is and what is not, given the irreducible variety of the writing that tends to be attached to it, from vastly different perspectives?

       The argument is not conclusive: a notion may legitimately exist even if there is no specific term in the lexicon for it. But we have been led to cast the first shadow of doubt over the 'naturalness' of literature. A theoretical examination of the problem proves no more reassuring. Where do we come by the conviction that there is indeed such a thing as literature? From experience, we study 'literary' works in school, then in college; we find the 'literary' type of book in specialized stores; we are in the habit of referring to 'literary' authors in everyday conversation. An entity called 'literature' functions at the level of intersubjective and social relations; this much seems beyond question. Fine. But what have we proved? That in the broader system of a given society or culture, an identifiable element exists that is known by the label literature. Have we thereby demonstrated that all the particular products that take on the function of 'literature' possess common characteristics, which we can identify with legitimac? Not at all.

46. This passage casts doubt on:

(A) the assumption called literature.
(B) the idea of literature.
(C) the institution of literature.
(D) the notion of literature.


47. Literature is unsustainable because :...

(A) we are unclear as to what it means.
(B) we are unsure as to its message.
(C) we are not persuaded that the claims made for it are allowable and acceptable.
(D) we cannot prove that its definitions are the right and the only possible ones.


48. How does the writer argue that the existence of literature is hardly self-evident?

(i) by citing reasons for its non-existence.
(ii) by citing reasons for interrogating its legitimacy.
(iii) by citing reasons and proving by argument that its legitimacy can be interrogated.
(iv) by citing reasons to show that the label does not match the thing we know to be literature.

(A) (i)
(B) (i) and (ii)
(C) (iii)
(D) (iii) and (iv)

49. “Might we be dealing with a historical phenomenon rather than an 'eternal' one”? What makes this a
       reasonable question to consider in this context?

(A) A historical phenomenon lends itself to better empirical verification than an 'eternal' one.
(B) A historical phenomenon has more legitimacy than an 'eternal' one.
(C) A historical phenomenon can be debated and possibly settled while an 'eternal' one must be taken
       on trust or not at all.
(D) historical phenomenon is well above disputation while an 'eternal' one is not.



50.What does ‘the fragmentation characteristic of literature today' suggest to the writer ?

(A) the fragmentation of modern consciousness.
(B) the divided perceptions of literature by its readers.
(C) the lack of specificity of literature.
(D) the blur that frustrates further investigation into this concept.


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